Laxatives: What's The Real Difference?

Laxatives are a type of medicine used to treat constipation. They work by softening hard stools or stimulating the bowels to get moving. There are many different types of laxatives, including bulk-forming laxatives, osmotics, stool softeners, lubricants, and stimulants. Most laxatives are available without a prescription, but it's important to take them as directed to prevent side effects such as bloating, gas, or stomach cramps. Laxatives should only be used occasionally and for up to a week at a time, and it's recommended to make lifestyle changes such as increasing fibre intake, drinking plenty of fluids, and exercising regularly to prevent constipation.

Bulk-forming laxatives

These laxatives are generally safe for healthy people, but side effects or drug interactions may occur, such as difficulty swallowing, feeling like there's a lump in your throat, or difficulty breathing. People with kidney disease or diabetes are at a higher risk of electrolyte imbalances when taking laxatives, so it is important to consult a doctor before use if you have either of these conditions.

It is important to take bulk-forming laxatives with at least 8 ounces of water or fruit juice to prevent bowel obstruction and stay well-hydrated throughout the day. You should begin to feel relief within 12 hours to 3 days of taking the laxative.

Osmotic laxatives

There are several common osmotic laxatives available, each with different active ingredients:

• Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
• Lactulose
• Sorbitol
• Magnesium citrate
• Magnesium hydroxide

The overuse of osmotic laxatives can cause dehydration and the loss of electrolytes like sodium, calcium, and potassium. Osmotic laxatives can also cause side effects like nausea, bloating, cramping, flatulence, and diarrhoea.

Poo-softener laxatives

These laxatives usually take 24 to 48 hours to work, although individual results may vary. It is important to note that they are not suitable for everyone and should be used as directed to prevent side effects. They should not be used for more than a week without consulting a doctor.

In addition to using poo-softener laxatives, making certain lifestyle changes can help regulate bowel movements. These include drinking plenty of water, exercising regularly, and including more fibre in the diet.

Lubricant laxatives

If you are experiencing constipation, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking any laxatives, including lubricant laxatives. They will be able to advise on the most suitable treatment option for you.

Stimulant laxatives

• Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
• Senna (Fletcher's Laxative, Senokot)
• Lactulose (Duphalac)
• Linaclotide (Linzess)
• Lubiprostone (Amitiza)
• Prucalopride (Prudac, Motegrity)
• Plecanatide (Trulance)

Like all laxatives, stimulant laxatives can cause side effects, such as bloating, gas, and stomach cramps. They can also lead to dehydration, which can make you feel lightheaded and cause headaches and darker urine. Using stimulant laxatives for too long can cause diarrhoea, intestinal blockage, and an imbalance of salts and minerals in your body.

It's important to follow the instructions on the medicine to prevent side effects and reduce your risk of complications. Don't take more than the recommended dose of stimulant laxatives, as this can be harmful. Ideally, only take stimulant laxatives occasionally and for up to a week at a time. Stop taking them when your constipation improves. If your constipation hasn't improved after a week, speak to your doctor.

Frequently asked questions