
Pimples on the scalp, or scalp acne, are usually caused by clogged hair follicles. This can be due to a variety of factors, such as a buildup of dead skin cells, excess sebum (natural oil produced by sebaceous glands), bacteria, yeast, or mites. Certain hair care products, improper hair washing techniques, and friction from headgear can also contribute to the formation of scalp pimples. While scalp pimples are typically treated with over-the-counter products and good scalp hygiene, they can sometimes be an indication of more serious conditions, such as skin cancer or severe forms of acne. In rare cases, scalp pimples may be a risk factor for stroke, particularly if they are caused by or lead to certain underlying conditions. For instance, scalp folliculitis, a type of acne caused by inflamed hair follicles, has been associated with an increased risk of stroke in some studies. Additionally, severe cases of scalp acne can cause hair loss, which has also been linked to an elevated risk of stroke. However, more research is needed to establish a direct causal relationship between scalp pimples and stroke.
What You'll Learn
Can scalp pimples be popped?
While it may be tempting to pop pimples on your scalp, it is not advisable to do so. Popping scalp pimples can lead to several problems, such as the development and spread of infection, and increased inflammation.
Instead of popping pimples, it is recommended to practice good hygiene and use oil-free shampoos and treatments prescribed by a healthcare provider to help clear up the pimples. It is also important to be gentle when washing the scalp, avoiding scrubbing with fingernails to prevent skin irritation and the opening of wounds.
Additionally, it is suggested to avoid hair care products that may clog pores, such as those containing oil, and to wash the hair and scalp regularly, especially after sweating, to prevent scalp acne.
If the pimples persist or seem unusual, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider for advice and possible treatment options.
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What are the risk factors for scalp pimples?
There are several factors that can increase your risk of developing pimples on your scalp.
One of the main causes of scalp pimples is clogged hair follicles. This can be caused by a buildup of hair products, such as shampoo, conditioner, gel, or hairspray, which leave a residue on the scalp and clog pores. It's important to note that this doesn't necessarily indicate poor hygiene, as even those with good hygiene can experience scalp acne. However, sweat, oil, and dirt buildup from improper or incomplete washing can contribute to clogged pores.
Wearing headgear that causes friction against the scalp, such as hats, helmets, or headbands, can also increase the risk of developing scalp pimples. This is because the friction can irritate the skin and clog pores. Additionally, not washing the hair frequently enough or waiting too long after a workout to wash the hair can contribute to the problem.
Genetics also play a role in acne development. If you have a family member with acne, you are more likely to develop it yourself.
Other factors that can increase the risk of scalp pimples include:
- Fluctuating hormone levels
- Reactions to certain medications
- Diet: a diet high in sugary carbohydrates may increase the risk of acne
- Specific types of germs and organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Demodex folliculorum, and yeasts from the Malassezia family
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What are the symptoms of scalp pimples?
Scalp acne refers to pimples and breakouts that develop on the scalp or hairline. It is caused by clogged hair follicles, which can be due to a buildup of hair products, dead skin cells, sweat, oil, and dirt, or microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, or mites.
The symptoms of scalp acne include:
- Tiny bumps along the hairline, on the forehead, or at the back of the neck
- Whiteheads on the scalp or hairline
- Closely packed bumps
- Flesh-colored bumps on the scalp or hairline
- Painful bumps on the scalp
- Deep cysts under the skin with no head
- Itchiness and soreness
In some cases, people may also develop bumps that they can feel but cannot see. These bumps can be itchy and sore.
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How are scalp pimples treated?
Scalp pimples are very common, but they can usually be cleared up by making a few adjustments to your hair routine.
Topical Treatments
Topical, medicated treatments can be bought over the counter without a prescription. Active ingredients to look out for include:
- Salicylic acid: This is a common ingredient used in skincare products to fight acne. Salicylic acid helps to clear dead skin cells by breaking down the bonds between them.
- Glycolic acid: This acid can help exfoliate the scalp and remove dead skin cells, bacteria, and sebum.
- Ketoconazole: An antifungal agent, ketoconazole is used to treat red or scaly skin.
- Ciclopirox: Ciclopirox is an antifungal agent used to treat skin infections and is often added to dandruff shampoos
- Benzoyl peroxide: An antibacterial ingredient that helps to eliminate the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, which can be present in scalp acne.
Shampoos
The type of shampoo you use can help treat scalp acne. Look for shampoos that:
- Won't clog pores
- Are anti-dandruff and contain selenium sulfide, tar, or zinc pyrithione
- Are antifungal and contain ciclopirox or ketoconazole
- Contain salicylic acid
Other Treatments
If topical remedies don’t ease your scalp acne symptoms, you might need other treatments. These can include:
- Photodynamic therapy
- Drainage for complicated cystic scalp acne
- Steroid injections directly into cysts
- Oral antibiotics to clear up any sores or pustules that are on your scalp
- Oral antihistamines for allergic reactions
- Phototherapy, also called light therapy
- Specific medications for severe acne, such as isotretinoin
Lifestyle Changes
To treat scalp acne and prevent further flare-ups, you can consider:
- Wearing looser-fitting headgear to let the scalp breathe
- Washing hair soon after exercise
- Avoiding using too many hair products, such as hairsprays and gels
- Eating a diet that can help boost skin health
- Keeping a food diary to see if certain foods cause flare-ups
- Switching to natural, hypoallergenic hair care products
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When should you see a doctor about scalp pimples?
Scalp pimples are usually mild and can be treated with over-the-counter products. However, if you experience persistent acne, it is advisable to consult a doctor. Here are some scenarios when you should seek medical advice:
- When scalp pimples are accompanied by other symptoms: If you notice signs of infection, such as pain, inflammation, or pus, it is important to seek medical attention. Other warning signs include severe pain or swelling, a high temperature, and sores that continue to spread after treatment.
- When scalp pimples are persistent or worsening: If your acne or pimples are getting worse, or if your skin does not improve after six weeks of treatment, it is advisable to consult a doctor. This is particularly important if you are experiencing hair loss, bald patches, severe pain, or permanent scarring.
- When scalp pimples are severe: Some forms of scalp acne, such as acne necrotica and dissecting cellulitis, can be severe and lead to blackened crusts and permanent scars. In such cases, it is crucial to contact your doctor.
- When scalp pimples are suspected to be caused by an underlying condition: Scalp pimples could be a symptom of an underlying condition, such as seborrheic dermatitis, squamous cell carcinoma, or acne keloidalis nuchae. If you suspect that your pimples may be related to another health issue, it is important to seek medical advice.
- When scalp pimples are not responding to treatment: If your scalp acne is not responding to initial treatments, such as changing hair care products or increasing hair washing frequency, it may be necessary to consult a doctor for alternative treatments or diagnoses.
While scalp pimples are usually manageable, it is important to prioritize your health and well-being by seeking professional medical advice in these situations.
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Frequently asked questions
Scalp pimples are a form of acne that occurs when hair follicles become clogged by a buildup of dead skin cells, sebum (the natural oil produced by sebaceous glands), or products like shampoo and hairspray.
No, scalp pimples cannot directly cause a stroke. However, if left untreated, severe cases of scalp acne can lead to permanent scarring and hair loss.
Mild cases of scalp pimples can often be treated with over-the-counter products and changes to your hair care routine. This includes using oil-free, antibacterial, or anti-dandruff shampoos and avoiding hair products that leave residue. For more severe or persistent cases, prescription treatments such as topical or oral antibiotics, steroid creams, oral antihistamines, or isotretinoin may be recommended by a doctor.