Preventing Strokes In Dogs: What You Can Do

Strokes in dogs are often less debilitating than in humans and, with appropriate care, dogs may recover well. However, it is important to distinguish between the signs of a stroke and those of other health issues, such as kidney failure or an inner ear infection. While there is no specific treatment for dogs who have had strokes, the correct treatment can target the cause of the stroke and prevent it from happening again. Many strokes are preventable as they are closely associated with underlying diseases. Regular check-ups with a veterinarian and screening blood work can identify potential causes and reduce the likelihood of a stroke occurring.

The importance of regular check-ups and screening blood work

Strokes in dogs are scary and relatively rare, but they do occur. As a dog owner, it is important to be aware of the signs of a stroke and know how to respond. A stroke occurs when there is a disruption to the blood flow to the brain, causing brain cells to die. The good news is that strokes in dogs are often less debilitating than in people, and with appropriate care, your pet may recover very well.

To prevent strokes in dogs, regular check-ups with a veterinarian and screening blood work are essential. These routine check-ups can help identify potential health issues that may increase the risk of a stroke. For example, underlying diseases such as Cushing's disease, heart disease, thyroid issues, diabetes, and high blood pressure are common causes of strokes in dogs. By identifying and addressing these issues early on, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of your dog experiencing a stroke.

During regular check-ups, veterinarians can perform physical examinations, review medical history, and conduct diagnostic tests such as blood pressure checks, blood work, advanced imaging (MRI or CT scan), and blood clotting analysis. These tests help rule out other conditions and confirm the presence of a stroke. Additionally, blood work can detect abnormalities that may indicate an increased risk of stroke. For example, blood work can reveal issues with hormone levels, kidney function, or blood clotting, all of which can contribute to the development of a stroke.

Prompt and proper diagnosis is crucial in treating strokes in dogs. The faster you seek veterinary care, the better the chances of recovery for your dog. Veterinarians can distinguish a stroke from other conditions that may present similar symptoms, such as fainting spells or seizures. They will also be able to determine the type of stroke your dog is experiencing: ischaemic (caused by a blockage in blood vessels) or haemorrhagic (caused by bleeding in the brain). This distinction is important because it guides the treatment approach.

In summary, regular check-ups and screening blood work are vital tools in preventing strokes in dogs. They allow for early detection and management of underlying health conditions that may increase the risk of a stroke. By being proactive and working closely with your veterinarian, you can significantly reduce the chances of your dog experiencing this frightening and potentially life-threatening event.

How to differentiate between a stroke and an upset stomach

While the signs of a stroke in dogs can be challenging to identify, it is crucial to differentiate a stroke from an upset stomach, as the former requires immediate veterinary attention. Here are some ways to tell the difference:

Duration and Intensity of Symptoms: The symptoms of a stroke are typically more prolonged and intense than those of an upset stomach. For example, a dog experiencing a stroke might constantly dry heave (attempt to vomit without bringing anything up) and seem unable to stop.

Loss of Balance and Coordination: Since strokes affect the brain, they can impair a dog's ability to remain upright. Signs such as a sudden loss of balance, inability to stand, leaning to one side, or seeking support are indicative of a stroke.

Loss of Control over Body Systems: A stroke can cause a dog to lose control over their bodily functions, leading to loss of bladder control and, in some cases, inability to breathe. These symptoms can also occur with an upset stomach, but the duration and intensity will be greater with a stroke.

Extreme Tiredness or Loss of Consciousness: If your dog suddenly seems to fall asleep, it could be a sign of a stroke. Try to rouse them; if they don't wake up, contact your vet immediately.

Abnormal Eye Movements: Strokes can affect a dog's eye movements, causing their eyes to constantly rotate or dart from side to side. One eye may stay still while the other moves, or both eyes may appear to focus on different spots.

Directionless Movement: During a stroke, a dog's brain sends incorrect signals to their body, and they may not be able to respond to spoken directions. They may move in a directionless fashion, appearing drunk and unable to walk in a straight line.

If you suspect your dog is having a stroke, seek immediate veterinary attention. Prompt care can significantly improve their chances of recovery.

The role of imaging in diagnosis

Strokes in dogs can be challenging to diagnose as the signs and symptoms can be subtle and are often similar to those of other health issues, such as vertigo, kidney failure, an inner ear infection, a brain tumour, or a seizure. Imaging plays a crucial role in confirming or ruling out a stroke and identifying its underlying causes.

When a dog presents with possible stroke symptoms, veterinarians may suspect a stroke based on the clinical signs and the animal's medical history. However, to make a definitive diagnosis, advanced imaging techniques are often required. Computed Tomography (CT) scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are the most commonly used imaging modalities in the diagnosis of strokes in dogs. These techniques provide detailed images of the brain, allowing veterinarians to visualise the affected areas and confirm the presence of a stroke.

CT scans use a combination of X-rays and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the brain. This technique can detect bleeding, blood clots, and other abnormalities associated with strokes. It is often the first-line imaging modality due to its wide availability, speed, and ability to provide rapid information about the brain's condition.

MRI, on the other hand, uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the brain. It is particularly useful in detecting ischaemic strokes, which are caused by a lack of blood supply to the brain. MRI can visualise changes in blood flow, identify areas of restricted blood flow, and detect blockages or bleeding in the blood vessels.

In some cases, veterinarians may perform a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis. This procedure is usually done while the dog is anaesthetised for the CT or MRI scan. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid can help rule out other conditions, such as inflammation or infection, that may mimic stroke symptoms.

Advanced imaging techniques, such as CT and MRI, play a crucial role in the diagnosis of strokes in dogs. They help veterinarians confirm the presence of a stroke, identify the type of stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic), and rule out other conditions with similar clinical signs. Additionally, these imaging modalities can provide valuable information about the underlying causes of the stroke, such as blood clots, tumours, or vascular abnormalities. This information is essential for developing an appropriate treatment plan and preventing future strokes.

The link between Cushing's disease and strokes in dogs

Strokes in dogs are often less debilitating than in humans, but they still require immediate veterinary attention. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced or interrupted, causing brain cells to die. There are two types of strokes: hemorrhagic strokes, caused by a burst blood vessel, and ischemic strokes, caused by a lack of blood supply to the brain. Cushing's disease, or hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition that can lead to ischemic strokes in dogs.

Cushing's disease is characterised by the overproduction of certain hormones, specifically cortisol, by the adrenal glands. This can be caused by a tumour in the pituitary gland or the adrenal glands, or by the prolonged use of steroids. The condition mostly affects middle-aged and older dogs, and symptoms include increased thirst and urination, lethargy, skin infections, and hair loss. Cushing's disease can be difficult to diagnose, as it shares symptoms with other conditions, but blood and urine tests can indicate whether further testing is necessary.

Ischemic strokes are caused by a lack of blood supply to the brain, which can be the result of a blocked or narrowed blood vessel. This can be due to blood clots, tumour cells, bacteria, or parasites. Cushing's disease is one of several underlying diseases that can increase the risk of ischemic strokes in dogs, as it can cause a narrowing of the arteries. Other underlying diseases that can lead to strokes include kidney disease, heart disease, thyroid gland issues, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

While there is no specific treatment for strokes in dogs, early recognition, prompt veterinary care, and appropriate home care can significantly improve their chances of recovery. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, minimising further damage, and supporting the dog's recovery. This may include medications, rehabilitation, and supportive care such as monitoring, intravenous fluids, and assistance with feeding and elimination.

Treatment options, including medication and physiotherapy

Once a stroke has occurred, there is no specific treatment that can repair the damage done to the brain. However, there are several treatment options available to help manage the underlying cause, minimise further damage, and support your dog's recovery.

Medication

Depending on the cause and severity of the stroke, your veterinarian may prescribe medications to reduce inflammation, prevent further blood clots, and/or manage underlying conditions. For example, if a clot caused the stroke, your vet may prescribe blood thinners to prevent future clots from forming. If your dog's stroke was caused by hypertension, your vet would likely prescribe high blood pressure medication to reduce the likelihood of further strokes.

Physiotherapy

Physical therapy plays a crucial role in your dog's rehabilitation. Exercises and range-of-motion activities can help your dog regain strength and mobility. Physiotherapy may include massage, passive range-of-motion exercises for limbs, and other targeted activities to support your dog's recovery.

Supportive Care

Supportive care is vital to your dog's recovery. This may include hospitalization for monitoring, intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, pain medication, and assistance with feeding, urination, and defecation. Providing a safe and comfortable environment at home is also essential. Remove any hazards that could cause falls or injuries, and use baby gates to restrict access to stairs or other dangerous areas.

Frequently asked questions