Caring For Stroke Patients: Tips For Home Assistance

how can you help a stroke patient at home

A stroke occurs when the blood supply to or within the brain is interrupted, resulting in a lack of oxygen and essential nutrients being delivered, causing affected areas of the brain to become damaged. Depending on the areas of the brain that are affected, survivors may experience a number of physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural changes. These effects can vary in severity, with some survivors experiencing very mild effects, while others may have significant limitations requiring around-the-clock care.

In this article, we will explore the ways in which you can help a stroke patient in their journey to recovery at home.

Characteristics Values
Recovery time The biggest improvements usually take place in the early weeks or months, but recovery may continue for years.
Risk of another stroke High
Diet Healthy, balanced, and nutritious
Exercise Recommended by a doctor
Medication Take as instructed
Home adaptations Install grab bars and non-slip mats, decrease clutter, remove floor mats and cords from walkways, stabilise tall furniture by securing it to the wall
Communication Use short, simple sentences, ask yes or no questions, use hand gestures, keep distractions to a minimum, use a communication board or app
Emotional support Join support groups, do hobbies and activities, try counselling or therapy
Caregiver support Set aside time for self-care, delegate jobs to other family members, take regular breaks, connect with other caregivers

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Help with daily tasks

The first few months after a stroke are crucial for recovery, and it is important to remember that every stroke survivor is different. Depending on their symptoms, a person may need help with daily tasks such as taking medication on time, managing medical appointments, and preparing or eating food.

If the survivor is experiencing difficulty with chewing or swallowing, consider cutting their food into smaller pieces or opting for a soft or liquid diet. It is important to consult a medical professional about the individual's needs before making dietary changes. Some general tips include sitting the person upright when they eat or drink, using straws, and providing drinks in cups with lids to prevent spills.

For those with mobility issues, consider using mobility devices such as walkers or canes to help them balance more easily. Additionally, make changes in the home to reduce the risk of accidents, such as installing grab bars and non-slip mats, removing trip hazards like rugs, and stabilising tall furniture by securing it to the wall.

Communication may also be challenging for stroke survivors, so adapt your communication methods to make it easier for them to understand. Use short, simple sentences, ask yes or no questions, and keep distractions to a minimum.

Remember to allow the survivor to do as much as they can independently, as this promotes recovery and helps them regain confidence.

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Provide emotional support

Providing emotional support is a crucial aspect of helping a stroke patient at home. Here are some detailed instructions to achieve that:

Be Patient

Allow the person to do or say things at their own pace. Give them the time and space they need to practice speech, movement, or other skills. Recovery from a stroke can be a long process, and each person's journey is unique. Some people recover quickly, while others may need ongoing help or daily comprehensive care. It's important to respect the survivor's own process and not rush them.

Be Respectful

Treat the person as a partner in their recovery, not as a victim. While they may have physical or cognitive impairments, allow them to make their own decisions whenever possible. This can help boost their confidence and a sense of autonomy, which is essential for their overall well-being.

Be Empathetic

Understand that adjusting to life after a stroke can be challenging and emotionally draining. The person may experience a range of emotions, such as grief, anger, anxiety, or sadness. Allow them to express their feelings and provide a supportive environment for them to do so. Be a good listener and offer comfort and reassurance when needed.

Be Empowering

Rather than focusing on returning the person to their pre-stroke state, support them in finding a new way forward. This may involve adopting new methods of communication or movement. Encourage them to set realistic goals and celebrate their progress, no matter how big or small. Help them focus on their abilities rather than their limitations.

Encourage Social Support

Encourage the stroke survivor to connect with others who have gone through similar experiences. Joining support groups, either online or in-person, can provide them with a sense of community and understanding. Additionally, spending time with friends and family can help reduce feelings of isolation and provide a support system for the survivor.

Suggest Professional Help

If the person is experiencing persistent feelings of depression, anxiety, or other mental health concerns, suggest seeking professional help. Post-stroke depression is common, and it's important to address these issues early on. Therapy or counselling can provide additional support for the survivor and help them process the emotional impact of the stroke.

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Make home modifications

Making home modifications is an important step in preparing for a stroke survivor's return home and can help improve their ability to navigate their home safely. Here are some ways to modify the home environment to accommodate their needs:

Install safety devices

Install grab bars and handrails in areas where the person may need additional support, such as in the bathroom or near the bed. Install non-slip mats in the shower or bath to prevent slipping, and consider a raised toilet seat or tub bench.

Reduce clutter and remove trip hazards

Ensure there is a clear and uncluttered path to frequently used areas, such as the bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen. Remove any rugs that may cause tripping, or use non-slip tape to secure them in place. Stabilize tall furniture by securing it to the wall to prevent accidental knocks or falls.

Relocate the bedroom

Consider moving the person's bedroom to the ground floor so they don't need to climb stairs. Alternatively, move the bed to a more accessible location, such as near a bathroom, to make it easier for them to move around.

Modify the kitchen and dining area

If the person needs help with eating or drinking, ensure they have easy access to food and drinks. Provide straws and cups with lids to make drinking easier and reduce spills. If they have difficulty chewing or swallowing, prepare soft foods or blended meals with the right consistency, such as scrambled eggs, root vegetables, or yogurt.

Improve lighting and contrast

Good lighting is essential for stroke survivors, especially if they have visual impairments. Improve lighting in hallways, stairways, and other areas to enhance visibility. Use high-contrast colours to outline steps, doors, and other potential hazards to make them more easily identifiable.

Consult with professionals

Occupational therapists are a great resource for discussing home modifications. They can advise on adaptive equipment and assess the person's ability to participate in daily activities. Additionally, consult with a neurologist or an occupational therapist to identify specific needs and make appropriate modifications to reduce the risk of accidents.

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Monitor changes in behaviour and emotions

A stroke can affect the brain, which controls our behaviour and emotions. It is common for stroke survivors to experience a range of emotional and behavioural changes. These changes can be challenging for the survivor and their loved ones to adjust to.

Emotional changes

Emotional lability is common after a stroke. Survivors may experience strong emotions, such as crying or laughing uncontrollably, which may seem out of character or context. They may also laugh or cry for no reason. These emotional responses can be difficult for those closest to the survivor to understand.

Other emotional changes may include:

  • Irritability
  • Forgetfulness
  • Carelessness
  • Inattention
  • Confusion
  • Fear
  • Frustration
  • Anger
  • Grief
  • Sadness
  • Anxiety
  • Depression

Behavioural changes

Behavioural changes can include:

  • Aggression
  • Inappropriate behaviour, such as standing too close to others, interrupting, or making tactless remarks
  • Disinhibition, such as saying or doing things that seem inappropriate to others
  • Impulsivity, such as acting without thinking, doing unsafe things, or behaving in ways that are not appropriate

Strategies for dealing with emotional and behavioural changes

  • Be aware of triggers: Triggers can include fatigue, stress, anxiety, noisy or overcrowded environments, being around emotional people or events, and feeling pressured.
  • Ignore the emotional response: You can choose to ignore the emotional response and continue with the conversation or task, signalling to others that they should also ignore it.
  • Deal with it directly: You can tell people about the stroke and what works best for you, for example, "just ignore it and hopefully it will stop".
  • Take a break: Regain control of your emotions by taking a short walk or doing something different. Try relaxation and breathing exercises.
  • Make changes to your routine: One-to-one, brief, and pleasant activities in a quiet environment may be better than constantly dealing with stressful situations.
  • Seek professional help: A psychologist can help with cognitive and behavioural strategies.

Monitoring and seeking help

It is important to monitor the stroke survivor for any changes in their behaviour or emotions, as this may indicate a late-onset stroke effect or an adverse side effect of medication. If you notice any concerning changes, seek medical attention.

Support for caregivers

Caring for a stroke survivor can be demanding and emotionally challenging. It is important for caregivers to also prioritise their own mental and physical health. Here are some strategies that can help:

  • Self-care: Make time for self-care activities, such as walking, yoga, meditation, breathing exercises, or relaxation techniques.
  • Support groups: Join a caregiver support group to connect with others in similar situations.
  • Delegate and seek help: Don't be afraid to ask for help. Delegate tasks to other family members or friends, and seek support from your community.
  • Speak to a professional: If you are feeling overwhelmed or struggling with complicated emotions, consider speaking to a therapist or counsellor.
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Prioritise self-care

Prioritising self-care is crucial for caregivers of stroke patients. Caregiving can be demanding and challenging, often taking a toll on one's mental and physical health. Here are some ways to prioritise self-care:

  • Set aside time for self-care activities: Engage in activities that help you relax and recharge, such as going for walks, practising yoga, or pursuing hobbies and interests outside of caregiving.
  • Join support groups: Consider joining a caregiver support group, either in-person or online. This can provide you with a community of people who understand your challenges and can offer advice and emotional support.
  • Practise relaxation techniques: Caregiving can be stressful, so it is important to find techniques that help you relax. This could include meditation, breathing exercises, or other relaxation techniques.
  • Delegate tasks: Don't be afraid to ask for help and delegate tasks to other family members or friends. Caregiving does not have to be a solitary endeavour; sharing responsibilities can lighten the burden and give you time to focus on yourself.
  • Connect with other caregivers: Connecting with other caregivers can provide a sense of community and support. You can share experiences, advice, and strategies for dealing with the challenges of caregiving.
  • Seek professional support: If you feel overwhelmed, consider speaking to a therapist or counsellor. Processing complicated emotions and challenges with a professional can help you maintain your mental well-being.
  • Maintain your physical health: Take care of your body by eating healthy meals, exercising, and getting adequate rest. This will help you stay physically strong and energised during the caregiving journey.
  • Access available resources: Familiarise yourself with the resources and support services available for caregivers. For example, the National Family Caregiver Support Program offers a range of support services, and the Family Caregiver Alliance is another valuable resource.
  • Understand your rights: As a caregiver, you have the right to access your loved one's medical and rehabilitation records. This can help you make informed decisions and advocate for their care effectively.

Remember, taking care of yourself is not a luxury but a necessity. By prioritising self-care, you will be in a better position to provide support and care to your loved one recovering from a stroke.

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Frequently asked questions

If the stroke has affected the patient's ability to communicate, adapt your communication methods to make it easier for them. Use short, simple sentences and ask "yes or no" questions. Use hand gestures and keep background noise to a minimum. Avoid changing the topic too quickly and give the person plenty of time to respond.

Consult a medical professional about the patient's dietary needs. Some general tips include sitting the person upright when they eat or drink, using straws, providing drinks in cups with lids, and trying soft foods that can be blended to the right consistency.

A stroke can be scary and life-changing, so it's important to provide emotional support. Be patient and allow the person to do things at their own pace. Treat them as a partner rather than a victim and allow them to make their own decisions. Be empathetic and allow them to express their feelings.

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