Understanding Strokes In Young Cats: Age Factors And Signs

Cats of any age or breed can have strokes, but they are rare. Strokes in cats are caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain, often due to a blood clot, and can be quite serious. They require immediate veterinary care to improve the chances of recovery. The prognosis for cats that have suffered a stroke varies depending on the severity, underlying cause, and promptness of treatment.

Causes of strokes in cats

Cats can have strokes at any age, but they are rare and tend to occur in cats that are about nine years old. The exact cause of a stroke is often unknown, but strokes can be caused by underlying medical conditions.

Strokes, or cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), occur when there is a disruption in the blood supply to the brain, leading to malfunctioning and potentially the death of brain cells. This can be caused by a blockage in a blood vessel, known as an ischemic stroke, or a regional bleed in the brain, known as a hemorrhagic stroke.

There are various underlying factors that can increase the likelihood of a stroke in cats. These include:

• Elevated blood pressure
• Hyperthyroidism
• Kidney disease
• Excess blood clot formation due to endocrine or kidney disease
• Underlying cancer
• Heart disease
• Trauma, such as head injuries
• Parasites that travel to the brain
• Bleeding disorders, such as a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
• Exposure to certain types of rodenticides

The age at which a cat may suffer a stroke is often related to the underlying cause. While strokes are rare in cats, they can be serious and require immediate veterinary attention. Knowing the signs of a stroke and seeking prompt medical care can improve the chances of recovery.

Signs of a stroke in cats

Strokes in cats are rare but serious, and they require immediate veterinary attention. While cats do not experience strokes in the same way as humans, there are several signs that may indicate your cat is having a stroke. These signs typically develop suddenly and can progress for up to 24-72 hours after the stroke has occurred.

• Sudden loss of balance or coordination, stumbling, or falling
• Head tilting, turning, twisting, or pressing against a hard surface
• Weakness or paralysis, especially on one side of the body
• Abnormal eye movements, such as nystagmus (flicking from side to side) or rapidly moving pupils
• Unequal pupil size
• Vision loss or blindness
• Seizures
• Disorientation or confusion
• Changes in behaviour or personality, such as depression or unusual quietness
• Circling repetitively
• Tremors and muscle spasms

If you notice any of these signs in your cat, it is important to seek immediate veterinary care. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve your cat's chances of recovery.

Diagnosis of a stroke in cats

If you suspect that your cat has had a stroke, it is important to seek immediate veterinary attention to improve their chances of recovery. Your family veterinarian will likely refer you to a veterinary neurologist for more advanced diagnostics or treatment. Here is what you can expect during the diagnosis process:

Veterinary Examination

The veterinarian will perform a thorough physical and neurological examination of your cat. They will also review their medical history and ask about the symptoms you have observed, including when they first appeared and any changes over time. It is important to provide as much detail as possible to help with the diagnosis.

Diagnostic Tests

Various diagnostic tests may be conducted to rule out underlying conditions and confirm the presence of a stroke. These tests can include:

• Blood work: This may include blood pressure readings, blood clotting tests, and blood tests to check for underlying conditions such as kidney disease, heart disease, or hyperthyroidism.
• Imaging: Typically, an MRI or CT scan is used to look for signs of a stroke in the brain, such as abnormalities or bleeding. Your cat may need to be anesthetized during the MRI to minimize stress and ensure clear diagnostic images.
• Neurological assessments: These evaluations help determine the severity and location of the stroke in the brain.
• Fecal exam: This test checks for parasites in your cat's faeces, as parasites can be a potential cause of strokes.
• Urinalysis: A urinalysis can help rule out other potential causes of your cat's symptoms.
• Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid: This test can be helpful in identifying abnormalities or signs of a stroke in the brain.

Confirming the Diagnosis

Based on the results of the examinations and diagnostic tests, the veterinarian will be able to confirm whether your cat has had a stroke. If a stroke is diagnosed, the next step is to determine the underlying cause, which can vary and may include conditions such as cancer, kidney disease, heart disease, or trauma. In some cases, the exact cause may remain unknown.

Treatment and Recovery

The treatment approach for strokes in cats focuses on managing the underlying cause, minimizing further damage, and supporting your cat's recovery. Treatment options may include medications, rehabilitation, and supportive care. It is important to follow the veterinarian's instructions and provide a safe and comfortable environment for your cat during their recovery.

Treatment for cats post-stroke

Cats can and do suffer strokes, though it is rare. Strokes in cats are usually caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain, often due to a blood clot. Cats of any age or breed can have strokes, but they are more common in cats eight years or older.

If you suspect your cat is having a stroke, get them to a vet immediately. The vet will perform a physical and neurological exam and may recommend a veterinary neurologist for further diagnostics and treatment.

• Medications: Your vet may prescribe medication to reduce inflammation, prevent blood clots, or manage underlying conditions.
• Rehabilitation: Physical therapy, including exercises and range-of-motion activities, can help cats regain strength and mobility.
• Supportive care: Cats may require hospitalization for monitoring, intravenous fluids, and assistance with feeding and elimination, depending on the severity of their symptoms.
• Oxygen therapy: This can improve oxygen delivery to damaged brain tissue and promote healing.
• Seizure medications: These can help control seizures or reduce pressure within the skull.
• Underlying conditions management: Managing underlying health conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease is crucial to reducing the risk of another stroke.
• Hydration and nutrition: Ensure your cat maintains adequate hydration and nutrition during their recovery.
• Assistance with bodily functions: Your cat may need help with urination, defecation, and other basic functions.

Preventing Future Strokes:

• Keep your cat indoors to prevent injuries and stress that may contribute to strokes.
• Provide a stimulating indoor environment with plenty of toys and climbing structures.
• Regular veterinary check-ups and management of underlying health conditions are essential.
• Medications and dietary adjustments may be prescribed to control issues like high blood pressure.

Recovery Timeline:

• Initial recovery: The first few weeks post-stroke are focused on stabilizing your cat's condition.
• Mid-term recovery: You may see gradual improvements in mobility and behaviour over the next few months.
• Long-term recovery: Beyond the first year, recovery may plateau or continue to improve slowly.

Remember, each cat's recovery journey is unique, and the extent of recovery depends on the severity of the stroke and the cat's overall health. With the right care and support, your cat has a good chance of recovering from a stroke.

Recovery and prognosis for cats post-stroke

The prognosis for a cat that has suffered a stroke will vary depending on the severity of the stroke, any underlying health conditions, and how soon treatment is administered. Some cats may experience a full recovery, while others may be left with residual neurological issues.

Treatment Options

The treatment approach for cats post-stroke focuses on managing the underlying cause, minimising further damage, and supporting the cat's recovery. Treatment options may include:

• Medication: Depending on the cause and severity of the stroke, medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation, prevent blood clots, or manage underlying conditions.
• Rehabilitation: Physical therapy, including exercises and range-of-motion activities, can help cats regain strength and mobility.
• Supportive care: Cats may require hospitalisation for monitoring, intravenous fluids, and assistance with feeding and elimination, depending on the severity of their condition.

At-Home Care

There are several things pet owners can do at home to support their cat's recovery from a stroke:

• Follow medication instructions: Administer any prescribed medications as directed by the veterinarian.
• Provide a safe environment: Create a safe and comfortable space, minimising obstacles that may hinder the cat's mobility.
• Provide encouragement: Offer love, patience, and reassurance to help reduce stress and anxiety.
• Keep your cat active: Assist your cat with gentle exercise and physical therapy to address neurological deficits, as recommended by the veterinarian.
• Maintain a consistent routine: Cats recovering from a stroke benefit from a stable and predictable routine, including regular feeding times and play sessions.
• Nutrition: Provide a balanced and nutritious diet to support the cat's overall health and recovery.
• Monitor for changes: Keep an eye on the cat's behaviour, appetite, and litter box habits, reporting any changes to the veterinarian.

Long-Term Recovery

Recovery from a stroke can be a long process, and ongoing care is crucial. Cats may require continued physical therapy and medication management to help them regain their functions. Creating a safe and stimulating indoor environment is essential to prevent further incidents and keep the cat entertained.

Financial Considerations

Stroke treatment and recovery can be costly, with expenses potentially running into thousands of dollars. Pet insurance, payment plans, and charitable funds can help manage these costs.

Frequently asked questions