Effective Laxatives To Relieve Constipation Quickly And Safely

Laxatives are a type of medicine used to treat constipation. They are often used when lifestyle changes, such as increasing fibre intake, drinking more fluids, and exercising, have not helped. There are several types of laxatives, including bulk-forming laxatives, osmotic laxatives, stool softeners, lubricants, and stimulants. Bulk-forming laxatives, considered the gentlest option, increase the weight of the stool, stimulating the bowel. Osmotic laxatives draw water from the body into the bowel to soften the stool. Stool softeners enable easier incorporation of water into the stool, while lubricants coat the colon and stool, allowing the stool to retain moisture and slip through the intestine. Stimulants increase muscle contractions in the digestive system, facilitating shorter colonic transit time. It is important to use laxatives safely and sparingly, as they can cause side effects such as bloating, gas, and stomach cramps, and overuse can lead to chronic constipation.

Bulk-forming laxatives

These laxatives work by drawing water into the stool, making it softer and easier to pass. They increase the water content and bulk of the stool, which helps to move it quickly through the colon. This is achieved by adding an ingredient called soluble fibre to the stool, which draws water from the body into the stool, making it bigger and softer. The increase in size stimulates the colon to contract and push the stool out.

It is important to note that bulk-forming laxatives can take some time to provide relief, typically between 12 hours and 3 days. They are safe to use daily and can be taken with at least 8 ounces of water or fruit juice to prevent bowel obstruction. It is also important to stay well-hydrated throughout the day.

While bulk-forming laxatives are generally safe, some side effects may occur, such as mild stomach pain, bloating, or gas. People with kidney disease or diabetes are at a higher risk of electrolyte imbalances when taking laxatives, so it is recommended to consult a doctor before use. Additionally, laxatives may impact how the body absorbs medications, so it is advised to take any medication at least one hour before or two hours after consuming a laxative.

Osmotic laxatives

There are several common osmotic laxatives that can be used to treat constipation, each with different active ingredients. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an organic compound derived from petroleum and can be safely ingested to manage constipation. It is available over the counter under brand names such as Miralax and GlycoLax. Lactulose is a type of sugar that is not absorbed by the intestine. Instead, it sits and ferments in the intestines, producing fatty acids that draw water into the colon. It is available by prescription under brand names including Cephulac, Duphalac, and Kristalose.

Sorbitol is another non-absorbable sugar with an action similar to lactulose. It is available in over-the-counter and prescription versions, including Arlex and GeriCare. Magnesium citrate is magnesium in salt form combined with citric acid, which helps draw water into the colon. Over-the-counter versions include Citrate of Magnesia, Citroma, and LiquiPrep. Magnesium hydroxide, sold under the brand name Milk of Magnesia, is a milder form of magnesium. It is available over the counter and is also used as an antacid.

Stool softeners

The active ingredients in stool softeners are docusate sodium and docusate calcium. A commonly prescribed brand is Colace. Side effects of stool softeners may include stomach pain, nausea, and diarrhoea. It is important to consult a doctor if the medicine does not provide relief within a week.

While stool softeners are effective in treating mild constipation, they are the least effective option for treating chronic constipation. For those with more persistent constipation, bulk-forming laxatives, hyperosmotic laxatives, or saline laxatives may be recommended. These types of laxatives can be used for longer periods and are more effective in treating chronic constipation.

Lubricant laxatives

Mineral oil is generally considered safe and effective and has been used for many years to treat constipation. It coats the inside of the bowel and the stool with moisture, preventing the stool from drying out. It usually takes about eight hours for mineral oil to work, so it is recommended to take it before bedtime to avoid disrupting sleep. It is available in doses of 15 to 45 milliliters for adults and 15 to 30 milliliters for children, although some doctors advise against giving it to children under six. It is important to follow the instructions carefully and not to take mineral oil at the same time as other medications or supplements.

Possible side effects of mineral oil include leakage from the rectum, which can be reduced by taking smaller doses. Allergies to mineral oil are unusual, but if itching, swelling, or breathing difficulties occur, seek immediate medical attention.

In summary, lubricant laxatives are a good option for short-term relief from constipation, but they should be used carefully and under medical supervision to avoid potential side effects and interactions with other medications.

Stimulant laxatives

The active ingredient in stimulant laxatives is usually either senna (also known as sennosides) or bisacodyl. Some popular brands include:

• Bisacodyl (Correctol, Dulcolax, Feen-a-Mint, Carter's Little Pills)
• Senna (Senokot, Senexon, Fletcher's Castoria, Black Draught)

Side Effects

• Cramping
• Diarrhea
• Discoloured urine (brownish-red colour when taking senna)

Warnings

Do not use stimulant laxatives if:

• You have had a previous allergic reaction to any stimulant laxatives.
• You have any sort of intestinal blockage.
• You are experiencing undiagnosed rectal bleeding.
• You are experiencing signs of appendicitis (severe stomach pain, nausea, vomiting).

Before using a stimulant laxative, talk to your doctor about your current health conditions, especially if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Understand that stimulant laxatives can be habit-forming and can be harmful to your bowels if used for an extended period.

Frequently asked questions