Natural Laxatives: Exploring Nature's Relief Agents

Laxatives are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation. There are several different types of laxatives, including bulk-forming laxatives, emollient laxatives, osmotic laxatives, and stimulant laxatives. Bulk-forming laxatives, also known as fiber, add bulk and water to stools to help them pass more easily through the intestines. Emollient laxatives, or stool softeners, moisten and lubricate the stool. Osmotic laxatives draw fluid into the bowel, softening stools. Stimulant laxatives promote the contraction of the intestines, aiding stool movement.

Bulk-forming laxatives

Common bulk-forming laxatives include:

• Psyllium (Metamucil)
• Polycarbophil (FiberCon)
• Methylcellulose (Citrucel)
• Fybogel (ispaghula husk)
• Calcium polycarbophil (Equalactin, Fibercon)
• Wheat dextrin (Benefiber)

These laxatives generally take 12 hours to three days to work, and it is important to drink plenty of fluids when taking them to prevent dehydration. They are available over the counter in pharmacies and supermarkets, and can also be bought online.

Osmotic laxatives

Common osmotic laxatives include:

• Polyethylene glycol (PEG): An organic compound derived from petroleum that can be safely ingested to manage constipation. Over-the-counter PEG-containing laxatives include Miralax and GlycoLax.
• Lactulose: A type of sugar that is not absorbed by the intestine. It sits and ferments in the intestines, producing fatty acids that draw water into the lumen. Prescription lactulose-containing laxatives include Cephulac, Duphalac, Kristalose, and others.
• Sorbitol: Another non-absorbable sugar with an action similar to lactulose. It is available in over-the-counter and prescription versions, including Arlex and GeriCare.
• Magnesium citrate: Magnesium in salt form, combined with citric acid. The salts help draw water into the lumen. Over-the-counter versions include Citrate of Magnesia, Citroma, and LiquiPrep.
• Magnesium hydroxide: A milder form of magnesium sold under the brand name Milk of Magnesia. It is available over the counter and is also used as an antacid.

Lubricant laxatives

The most common example of a lubricant laxative is mineral oil, which is available as a non-prescription treatment. Mineral oil works by keeping water in the stool and intestines, softening the stool and facilitating its passage through the intestines. It is important to note that mineral oil should not be used for more than seven days unless directed by a doctor. Prolonged use can lead to decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and certain prescription drugs.

Stimulant laxatives

The active ingredient in stimulant laxatives is usually either senna (also known as sennosides) or bisacodyl. Senna is a natural product derived from the leaves and pods of the senna plant, while bisacodyl is a synthetic drug. Both work by stimulating the muscles in the intestines to contract and push out the stool.

Some common side effects of using stimulant laxatives include:

• Diarrhea
• Dehydration
• Abdominal cramping
• Nausea
• Bloating
• Urine turning a brownish-red colour

Some popular brands of stimulant laxatives include:

• Senexon (sennosides)
• Fletcher's Castoria (sennosides)
• Senokot (sennosides)
• Black Draught (sennosides)
• Feen-A-Mint (bisacodyl)
• Correctol (bisacodyl)
• Dulcolax (bisacodyl)
• Carter's Little Pills (bisacodyl)

Emollient laxatives

While emollient laxatives are considered safe, side effects may include stomach or intestinal pain or cramps, and throat irritation from oral formulations. It is important to consult a doctor if the medicine does not provide relief within a week or if diarrhea develops. Emollient laxatives can also interact with other medications, altering their effects and increasing the risk of serious side effects.

Frequently asked questions