Understanding Stool Softeners And Laxatives: How Do They Work?

Constipation is a common problem, affecting around 16% of US adults. It can be extremely uncomfortable and can be caused by many factors. For temporary relief, people often turn to over-the-counter (OTC) products like stool softeners and laxatives. But what's the difference between the two, and which is the best option for you?

Stool softeners are a type of laxative called an emollient laxative

Stool softeners are different from stimulant laxatives, which are stronger and more suitable for treating acute and chronic constipation. Stimulant laxatives work by directly stimulating nerves in the large intestine to bring faster relief. However, they can also cause side effects such as dehydration, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping.

Stool softeners, on the other hand, are generally well-tolerated and have milder side effects, such as stomach pain, nausea, and diarrhoea. They are also available in various forms, including oral soft gels, capsules, tablets, and oral liquid forms. Common OTC brands include Colace, Correctol, DulcoEase, and Phillips' Stool Softener.

It is important to note that stool softeners and laxatives are meant for short-term relief of constipation. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for guidance.

They work by increasing the amount of water and fat in the stool

Stool softeners are a type of laxative called an emollient laxative. They work by increasing the amount of water and fat in the stool, making it softer and easier to pass without straining. This is done by adding a compound to the stool that absorbs water. The active ingredients in stool softeners are typically docusate sodium and docusate calcium, with a common brand of docusate being Colace®.

Stool softeners are often used to treat mild or temporary constipation, especially when straining during a bowel movement should be avoided. For example, they may be prescribed after major surgeries such as heart surgery or hernia repair. They can also be useful for people with temporary, mild, or chronic constipation.

The mechanism of action involves the stool softener attracting and retaining water in the stool, preventing dry, hard masses from forming. This increased water content softens the stool, making it easier to pass. Additionally, the stool softener may also act as a surfactant, reducing the surface tension between the stool and intestinal walls, further facilitating easier passage.

It's important to note that stool softeners don't directly trigger a bowel movement. Instead, they make the process more comfortable and reduce the risk of complications. The time taken for stool softeners to work can vary, typically between 12 to 72 hours, but relief is usually seen within 1 to 3 days.

Stool softeners are available as oral soft gels, capsules, tablets, and oral liquid forms

Stool softeners are a type of laxative that can provide relief from constipation. They are also called emollient laxatives. Stool softeners are available in various forms, including oral soft gels, capsules, tablets, and oral liquids. These are typically taken at bedtime with a full glass of water or juice.

Oral soft gels and capsules are often the first method used for preventing and treating occasional constipation. They usually contain docusate sodium and docusate calcium as the active ingredients. These compounds work by increasing the amount of water and fat that the stool absorbs, making it softer and easier to pass without straining.

Tablets and capsules should be swallowed whole with a full glass of water (8 ounces or 240 milliliters). It is important not to split, chew, or crush them. The liquid form of stool softeners comes with a specially marked dropper or measuring device to ensure the correct dosage. This liquid can be mixed with milk, fruit juice, or formula to mask its bitter taste and prevent throat irritation.

It is important to follow the directions on the packaging or consult a healthcare provider for specific instructions. Stool softeners are generally safe, but side effects may include stomach pain, nausea, diarrhoea, and throat irritation. They should only be used on a short-term basis and not for more than one week without consulting a doctor.

They are recommended for temporary, less chronic constipation

Stool softeners are a type of laxative called emollient laxatives. They are recommended for temporary, less chronic constipation because they are gentle medications with a relatively mild effect. They are useful when a person experiences mild or temporary constipation.

Stool softeners work by lubricating the stool. They add a compound to the stool that absorbs water, which makes the stool softer and easier to pass. This prevents dry, hard masses from forming and allows the person to go to the toilet without straining.

Stool softeners are often recommended after major surgeries, such as heart surgery or hernia repair. Straining to have a bowel movement can be harmful during recovery, so people can take stool softeners to avoid complications. They are also recommended for people who have certain heart conditions or have recently had a heart attack.

Stool softeners are available over the counter and can be taken orally or rectally. They usually take between 12 and 72 hours to work and are intended for short-term use.

Common side effects include stomach cramps, stomach pain, and diarrhoea

Stool softeners are a type of laxative that can provide relief from constipation. They are also called emollient laxatives. They work by increasing the amount of water and fat in the stool, making it softer and easier to pass.

While stool softeners are considered safe to use, they may cause some common side effects, including stomach cramps, stomach pain, and diarrhoea. These side effects can be managed and are not usually cause for concern. However, if any of these symptoms persist or become bothersome, it is recommended to consult a doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Stomach cramps and pain are often mild and transient, but they can be uncomfortable. They may occur due to the increased water and fat content in the stool, which can cause a feeling of fullness or discomfort in the abdomen. In most cases, these cramps and pain should subside once the body adjusts to the effects of the stool softener. Proper dosing and taking the medication with a full glass of water can help minimise these side effects.

Diarrhoea is another potential side effect of stool softeners. It occurs when the stool becomes too soft, leading to loose or watery bowel movements. While this may be unpleasant, it is usually not harmful. However, if diarrhoea persists or becomes severe, it is important to stop taking the medication and consult a doctor. Diarrhoea can lead to dehydration, so it is crucial to stay well-hydrated and monitor fluid intake if this side effect occurs.

In addition to these common side effects, other less frequent reactions may include throat irritation (from oral stool softeners) and nausea. In rare cases, more serious allergic reactions may occur, such as hives, swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, and difficulty swallowing or breathing. It is important to be aware of these potential side effects and seek medical advice if they develop.

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