Alex Alikiotis
Laxatives are a type of medicine used to treat constipation and help people empty their bowels. They work by softening hard stools or stimulating the bowels to get moving. They are available over the counter in pharmacies, grocery stores and online, and can also be prescribed by a doctor. There are several types of laxatives, including bulk-forming laxatives, osmotics, stool softeners, lubricants and stimulants. Laxatives should be taken as directed to prevent side effects such as bloating, gas or stomach cramps, and should not be used for longer than a week at a time.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Treat constipation |
| Types | Bulk-forming, osmotics, stool softeners, lubricants, stimulants, prescription |
| Availability | Over-the-counter, prescription |
| Forms | Pills, capsules, powders, liquids, suppositories, enemas |
| Effectiveness | Depends on the person |
| Side Effects | Bloating, gas, stomach cramps, dehydration, diarrhoea, intestinal obstruction, electrolyte imbalance |
What You'll Learn
Bulk-forming laxatives
When taking bulk-forming laxatives, it is important to drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration and possible obstruction. It is also important to follow the dosage instructions on the label and stay well-hydrated throughout the day. You should begin to feel relief within 12 hours to 3 days of taking the laxative.
In summary, bulk-forming laxatives are an effective treatment for constipation, especially when other methods have not worked. They are safe, gentle, and unlikely to cause side effects when used correctly. However, it is important to follow instructions, stay hydrated, and consult a healthcare provider if you have any concerns or underlying health conditions.
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Osmotic laxatives
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a commonly prescribed osmotic laxative available in powder form. It is tasteless, odourless, and typically mixed with water or other fluids before consumption. PEG works by increasing the water content in the colon, softening the stool, and facilitating bowel movements.
Lactulose is a synthetic sugar solution that acts as an osmotic laxative by drawing water into the colon and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. It is often prescribed to treat chronic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
Magnesium hydroxide, also known as Milk of Magnesia, is an osmotic laxative that attracts water into the intestines, leading to increased bowel movements. It is commonly used to relieve occasional constipation and is available in liquid and tablet forms.
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Lubricant laxatives
It is important to follow the instructions on the medication to prevent side effects. Lubricant laxatives should not be used by older adults, children under 6, or people who are bedridden. They can also interfere with the absorption of certain vitamins and other medications, so it is important to take them on an empty stomach and at least 2 hours apart from other medications.
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Stimulant laxatives
The active ingredients in stimulant laxatives are usually either senna (also known as sennosides) or bisacodyl. Senna is also responsible for turning urine a brownish-red colour. These laxatives are available in a variety of forms, including liquids, powders, chewables, tablets, and suppositories. Some common brand names include Senexon, Senokot, and Dulcolax.
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Prescription laxatives
There are several prescription laxatives available on the market, each working differently and prescribed according to the patient's specific needs. Here are some of the commonly prescribed laxatives:
Plecanatide (Trulance)
Plecanatide is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist laxative that treats chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). It increases water content in the GI tract and promotes gastrointestinal movement, aiding in regular bowel function. However, it carries a risk of diarrhoea, and paediatric patients may experience severe dehydration. It is not recommended for patients under six years old.
Linaclotide (Linzess) and Lubiprostone (Amitiza)
Linaclotide and lubiprostone are prescription laxatives that work by drawing water into the intestines, softening the stool, and speeding up its movement. Lubiprostone is specifically approved for use in women.
Prucalopride (Motegrity)
Prucalopride is a prokinetic agent that stimulates the gastrointestinal tract to contract and push materials through. It is approved for treating chronic idiopathic constipation in adults.
Methylnaltrexone (Relistor), Naloxegol (Movantik), and Naldemedine (Symproic)
These prescription laxatives are specifically designed to relieve opioid-induced constipation (OIC). They work by partially blocking the actions of opioid medications, which often cause constipation as a side effect.
Lactulose (Duphalac, Lactugal, or Cephulac)
Lactulose is an osmotic laxative that draws water into the bowel, softening the stool and making it easier to pass. It is available by prescription and is also used to treat constipation related to barium retention.
It is important to note that not all prescription laxatives are safe for everyone, and certain medical conditions may make specific drugs unsuitable. Additionally, some laxatives may interact with other medications, so it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider or pharmacist before taking any laxative.
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Frequently asked questions
Laxatives are a type of medicine that can treat constipation. They are available over the counter and on prescription.
Laxatives work by softening hard stools or stimulating the bowels to get moving. There are several types of laxatives, including bulk-forming laxatives, osmotics, stool softeners, lubricants, and stimulants.
Laxatives are typically used by adults experiencing occasional constipation that hasn't improved with lifestyle changes, such as increasing fibre intake, drinking more fluids, and exercising. They may also be used by those with chronic conditions that cause constipation, like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
Laxatives can cause side effects such as bloating, gas, and stomach cramps. It is important to follow the instructions on the medication to minimise side effects. Laxatives should be used sparingly and for a short duration, as prolonged use can lead to dependency and worsen constipation. They are not recommended for children unless advised by a doctor.
