Crystell Harty
Laxatives are a type of medicine used to treat constipation. Many laxatives are available over the counter (OTC), meaning they can be purchased without a prescription. OTC laxatives are available in pharmacies and supermarkets, and they come in various forms, such as pills, capsules, liquids, suppositories, and enemas. They work by increasing stool motility, bulk, and frequency, thereby relieving constipation. However, it's important to use laxatives safely and sparingly, as misuse or overuse can lead to problems, including chronic constipation and, in rare cases, serious health issues or even death. Before taking any laxative, it is recommended to try increasing fibre and fluid intake, exercising regularly, and practising proper bathroom hygiene.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | Over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives are medications that can be purchased without a prescription to treat constipation. |
| Types | Bulk-forming, osmotic, lubricant, emollient (stool softeners), and stimulant laxatives. |
| Mechanism of Action | Bulk-forming laxatives increase stool bulk and stimulate bowel movement. Osmotic laxatives draw water into the colon to soften stool. Lubricant laxatives coat the stool to make it slippery. Emollient laxatives add water and fat to the stool. Stimulant laxatives stimulate the intestinal lining and accelerate stool movement. |
| Examples | Bulk-forming: Metamucil, FiberCon, Citrucel, Colace. Osmotic: Milk of Magnesia, Miralax, Lactulose. Lubricant: Mineral Oil. Emollient: Colace, Docusate. Stimulant: Dulcolax, Senokot, Correctol, Ex-Lax. |
| Usage | OTC laxatives are recommended for mild and intermittent constipation. They should be used sparingly and occasionally, not exceeding one week of continuous use. |
| Side Effects | Abdominal cramping, bloating, gas, nausea, diarrhoea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, vitamin deficiencies. |
| Precautions | Read the label, follow directions, and consult a doctor or pharmacist if unsure. Do not use with other medications or supplements without medical advice. |
What You'll Learn
Bulk-forming laxatives
The dosage of bulk-forming laxatives varies depending on age and medical condition. They should be taken orally, with a full glass of water or other liquid (around 240 millilitres), and can be in the form of wafers, powders, or liquids. It may take up to three days for them to start working, and they should not be taken for more than seven days unless directed by a doctor.
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Osmotic laxatives
Some common osmotic laxatives include:
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG): This is an organic compound derived from petroleum that can be safely ingested to manage constipation. It is available over the counter and is typically mixed with water or other fluids before consumption.
- Lactulose: This is a synthetic sugar solution that acts as an osmotic laxative by drawing water into the colon. It is often prescribed to treat chronic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
- Magnesium hydroxide: Also known as milk of magnesia, this mild osmotic laxative attracts water into the intestines, leading to increased bowel movements. It is commonly used to relieve occasional constipation and is available in liquid and tablet forms.
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Stool softeners
Laxatives are a type of medicine that can treat constipation. Many laxatives are available over the counter (OTC), meaning you can buy them without a prescription. One type of laxative available OTC is a stool softener.
Side effects of stool softeners may include stomach pain, throat irritation, nausea, and diarrhoea. If you experience any serious side effects, such as hives, swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, or difficulty swallowing or breathing, you should seek medical advice immediately.
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Lubricant laxatives
Over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives are available to buy without a prescription from a doctor. They can be purchased in pharmacies and supermarkets. Many different types of laxatives are available over the counter, including bulk-forming, osmotic, poo-softener, and stimulant laxatives. Lubricant laxatives are another type of laxative. Mineral oil is an example of a lubricant laxative.
If you are self-treating constipation with a lubricant laxative, follow the directions on the product package. Take the medication by mouth, carefully measuring the dose with a special device or spoon. Do not use a household spoon, as you may not get the correct dose. Some brands require shaking the bottle before each dose, so check the product package. Take the medication on an empty stomach, as it can interfere with the absorption of certain vitamins. Do not lie down right after taking this medication.
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Stimulant laxatives
Before using stimulant laxatives, it is important to consult a doctor, especially if you have any current health conditions, are pregnant, or are breastfeeding. They should also be avoided if you have had a previous allergic reaction to them, have any intestinal blockage, undiagnosed rectal bleeding, or signs of appendicitis.
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Frequently asked questions
"OTC" stands for "over-the-counter". This means that you can buy these laxatives in a store or pharmacy without a prescription from a doctor.
Some common over-the-counter laxatives include:
- Metamucil (psyllium)
- FiberCon (polycarbophil)
- Citrucel (methylcellulose)
- Milk of Magnesia (magnesium hydroxide)
- Miralax (polyethylene glycol)
- Dulcolax (bisacodyl)
- Senokot (sennosides)
- Colace (docusate)
It is important to read the directions on the drug facts label before taking any over-the-counter laxative. Take only the recommended amount on the label and do not exceed it, as this can be dangerous. If you are taking prescription medication, consult your doctor before also taking an over-the-counter laxative.
