
There are many types of laxatives, which work in different ways to help relieve constipation. Stimulant laxatives are fast-acting and can stimulate the intestines into having a bowel movement. Some stimulant laxatives include Dulcolax, which comes in the form of tablets, soft chews, liquid, and suppositories, and Senna, which comes in the form of tablets. These laxatives can take effect in as little as 30 minutes to 6 hours. Bisacodyl is another fast-acting laxative that works by increasing the amount of fluid and salts in the intestines, resulting in a bowel movement within 15 to 60 minutes.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Brand names | Dulcolax, Ex-Lax, Senna, Swiss Kriss, Mag07, Fleet, MiraLAX, Colace, Dulcolax Suppositories, Dulcolax Liquid, Dulcolax Soft Chews, Dulcolax Pink Tablets, Dulcolax Kids Soft Chews, Equate Bisacodyl Gentle Laxative, Equate Gentle Laxative, Rugby Senokot S Vegetable Laxative, Major Pharmaceuticals Bisacodyl Stimulant Laxative |
Types | Stimulant laxatives, saline laxatives, bulk-forming laxatives, stool softeners, lubricant laxatives, guanylate cyclase-C agonist laxatives, enemas, suppositories |
Time to take effect | 15 minutes to 6 hours |
Dosage | Depends on age and brand |
Side effects | Diarrhea, abdominal pain, decreased weight, weakness, rectal irritation/burning/itching, mild abdominal discomfort/cramps, nausea, dehydration, bloating, gas, stomach cramps, electrolyte imbalance, chronic constipation, intestinal blockage |
Precautions | Not suitable for children under 2 years old, not to be used regularly, not suitable for those on a magnesium-restricted diet, not suitable for those with stomach pain, nausea or vomiting, not suitable for those with a sudden change in bowel habits lasting over 2 weeks, not suitable for those taking prescription drugs, not suitable for those who are pregnant or breastfeeding |
Stimulant laxatives
Some common brand names of stimulant laxatives include Senexon, Fletcher's Castoria, Senokot, Black Draught, Feen-A-Mint, Correctol, and Dulcolax. These laxatives usually take effect within 6 to 12 hours, but some, like Dulcolax Liquid, can provide relief in as little as 30 minutes to 6 hours.
While stimulant laxatives are effective, they also come with certain warnings and side effects. They can be habit-forming, and prolonged use can lead to laxative dependence, where the body becomes reliant on the laxative to have a bowel movement. It is important to follow the directions on the label and consult a doctor before use, especially if you have any intestinal blockages, rectal bleeding, or signs of appendicitis.
In summary, stimulant laxatives are a good option for fast relief from constipation, but they should be used with caution and only as directed to avoid potential side effects and dependence.
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Saline laxatives
As with all laxatives, it is important to follow the directions on the product package and not to exceed the recommended dosage. In addition, drinking plenty of clear liquids before and after taking saline laxatives is important to prevent dehydration.
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Bulk-forming laxatives
Common bulk-forming laxatives include psyllium (Metamucil), polycarbophil (FiberCon), and methylcellulose (Citrucel). They are usually available without a prescription and can be bought over the counter in pharmacies, grocery stores, and online. They are also available on prescription from a doctor.
When to Use Bulk-Forming Laxatives
Healthcare professionals may also prescribe bulk-forming laxatives for people with chronic, long-lasting constipation or after major surgeries to avoid complications from straining. They are also beneficial during pregnancy or for a few days after birth, during preparation for surgery, and for treating constipation in bedridden people.
How to Use Bulk-Forming Laxatives
It is important to follow the dosage instructions on the label when taking bulk-forming laxatives. They should be taken with at least 8 ounces of water or fruit juice to prevent bowel obstruction, and a second glass of water or juice may help prevent additional side effects. Staying well-hydrated throughout the day is crucial.
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Enemas
Cleansing enemas are water-based and meant to be held in the rectum for a short time to flush the colon. Once injected, they are retained for a few minutes until the body rids itself of the fluid, along with loose matter and impacted stool in the bowel. Some common cleansing enemas include:
- Water or saline: The least irritating option, water or saline is used to expand the colon and promote defecation.
- Epsom salt: Similar to a water or saline enema, but magnesium-rich Epsom salt is said to be more effective at relaxing bowel muscles and relieving constipation.
- Sodium phosphate: A common over-the-counter enema that works by irritating the rectum, causing it to expand and release waste.
- Lemon juice: Lemon juice mixed with warm, filtered water is said to balance the body's pH while cleansing the colon.
- Apple cider vinegar: Mixing apple cider vinegar with warm, filtered water is said to quickly clear the bowel and may have other antiviral healing effects on the digestive system.
Retention enemas are designed to be held in the bowel for an extended period, usually a minimum of 15 minutes, before being released. Retention enemas may be water- or oil-based, which softens the stool and makes it easier for the body to expel. Some common retention enemas include:
- Coffee: Coffee enemas are a mixture of brewed, caffeinated coffee and water thought to promote bile removal from the colon.
- Mineral oil: This type of enema lubricates waste inside the colon, sealing it with water, and promoting its removal.
- Probiotic: Mixing probiotics with water may cleanse the bowel while helping to colonize good gut bacteria.
- Herbal: Some people use herbs like garlic, catnip tea, or red raspberry leaf mixed with water to make herbal enemas with purported nutritional, infection-fighting, and anti-inflammatory benefits.
While enemas can be effective in treating constipation and cleansing the bowel, they also come with certain risks and side effects. Enemas may disturb gut bacteria and affect the body's electrolyte balance, especially when used in preparation for medical procedures. Additionally, enema solutions containing lemon juice, apple cider vinegar, or coffee can be highly acidic and may cause rectal burns, inflammation, infections, or even death if not used properly.
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Suppositories
To use a suppository, start by washing your hands and removing the suppository from its plastic wrapping. If the suppository is too soft, it can be chilled in the refrigerator for 30 minutes or run under cold water before opening. Lie on your left side with your right knee slightly bent and gently insert the suppository, pointed end first, into the rectum. Try to stay in this position for 15 to 20 minutes if possible, until you feel a strong urge to have a bowel movement. Suppositories do not need to be removed after insertion.
Like other laxatives, suppositories may cause side effects such as rectal irritation, burning, or itching, mild abdominal discomfort or cramps, and nausea. These side effects are typically mild and resolve on their own. However, it is important to consult a doctor if these symptoms persist or worsen.
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Frequently asked questions
Some popular fast-acting laxatives include Dulcolax, MiraLAX, and Ex-Lax. These products typically provide relief within 30 minutes to 6 hours.
Enemas and suppositories are the fastest-acting type of laxatives, typically providing relief within 15 minutes to an hour. However, they also carry a higher risk of side effects such as diarrhea and stomach cramps.
Lifestyle changes such as increasing fiber intake, taking probiotics, drinking more fluids, and exercising regularly can often help relieve constipation. Eating high-fiber foods like prunes, apples, and pulses can be particularly effective.
Yes, laxatives can cause side effects such as bloating, gas, and stomach cramps. Overuse of laxatives can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, chronic constipation, and intestinal blockage. It is important to follow the instructions on the medication and not exceed the recommended dosage.